family MATTERS
Learning abilities in the age of FCAT

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HOW TO SUPPORT CHILDREN WHO HAVE SPECIAL LEARNING NEEDS
BY DR. ANDREA CORN
Dear Dr. Corn: When our son was in second grade he was evaluated by the ,school's psychologist. At that time' 'we learned he had /I learning disability as his reading, writing, and spelling skills were far below grade level. After several meetings, we decided it would be best if
he repeated second grade. While this was a very difficult decision, there was an improvement in his academic abili ties. We know his Individualized Edu cational Plan (IEP) will be of tremen dous assistance when he takes the Florida Comprehen sive Assessment Test (FeAT) next spring. Since our son, now in third grade, has dys lexia, he is entitled to receive special

accom~odations, including extended time to take the test. Still, one of our main concerns is our son's lack of confidence. Besides receiving accommodations for his learning disability; what else we can do to help him?
You have already taken the most important step: to have your son's intelligence and academic achievement evaluated. The foundation for your child's knowledge, his willingness to learn, and his developing feelings of competency begin with understanding where his particular strengths and weaknesses lie.
Generally speaking, children who are diagnosed with a learning disability are of average to above average intelligence, even though they have diffi culty processing and understanding oral or written information correctly. According to the National Institute of Health, up to15 percent of the U.S. population has som,e form of a reading and/or writing difficulty.
Parents whose children have been doing poorly academically should heed your story. A learning disability cannot be outgrown; rather specialized accommodations must be made to facilitate learn ing. Children with underlying learning disabilities at greatest risk to do poorly on the FCAT.



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family MATTERS
Reduce the anxiety
The way to reduce your son's test anxi ety and increase his self-confidence is to help him develop faith in his capabilities, and more importantly to trust in himself. Of course, this is easier said than done. As you can imagine, it takes consider able time and patience to teach your son various strategies to emotionally support himself. Generally speaking, if you con sistently demonstrate sympathetic under standing and steadfast determination, he can gradually learn to .treat himself in a similar fashion during the coming months ahead. Having an in,ternal support sys tem will help shrink his worrisome and distracting thoughts. '
Additionally, you need to help your son learn to verbalize what is going on inside him and not withholcl or ignQfe these signals. Frequently, children witl'J. learniNg disabilities have difficulty explaining what is occurring, and instead express their fears, aIixieties, and worries through action rather than in thought. For instance, if he starts avoiding his homework by appearing lackadaisic!:al,
. or becomes argumentative, or suddenly reports a sto~achache or he.adache, each behavior repllesents an example ()f how his insecurity .and anxiety is expressed .. Whether your son internal·izes or exter nalizes his reactions, either way creates an obstacle to learning.
It will be up to you to recognize your child's warning signs and let him know you are aware of his distress. Sometimes children are also afraid to tell their par ents th~t particular facial expressions, voice tones, or gestures upset !'hem and cause them to think the worst.
I suggest checking this out, because this can He easily resolved. After all, parents are human too! Even if you didn't think you did anything out of the ordinary, it
More Information
Florida Department of Education, Bureau of Exceptional Education and Student Services


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To relieve academic stress
1 Focus on praising your child's daily efforts and not putting undue attention on the FeAT or any other test. Otherwise, you could inadvertently. create anticipatory anxiety as you and your child would be worrying about this exam when it is months away.
2 Model calmness and patience. Your child needs to learn how to treat himself compassionately, especially when-under pressure to perform. Make sure you convey love for who .he is and not for the grades he receives.
3 Role-play handling frustrating test taking moments. Here is where you can practice mihimizing negative and self-defeating thoughts. Show your child how to replace and substitute
a fearful thought with one that is encouraging.
4 Teach perseverance. Share a story that describes ways you have overcome obstacles in your life. Help him know that everyone goes through some kind of difficulty and the best way to succeed is by not giving up.
5 Help develop a daily routine to improve your child's capacity for planning. As you know, sequencing problems and reversing letters and numbers are common in chil ren with dyslexia and other reading related disabilities. Also work on task completion and building memory.
6 Engage your child in experiential learning. Use real-life opportunities to decrease his fear of not knowing. Reading, writing, and spelling can be practiced in impromptu ways outside the classroom.
is likely yom son's fear will be alleviated along with his misperception. Feeling understood should be calming, although it doesn't immediately resolve the prob~ lem. Being consistent in yom actions and mannerisms will gradually make a difference.
Dr. Andrea Corn is a child and family psychologist in private practice. She is a member of the American Psychological Asso ciation and the Association for the Ailvance ment- of Sports Psyc.hologists.